What must police show to obtain a search warrant?

To obtain a search warrant, law enforcement must demonstrate probable cause that a crime has occurred or will occur. Probable cause refers to a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that evidence related to a crime can be found in the location to be searched. This standard is crucial because it protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures, ensuring that a warrant is not issued lightly or without substantial justification.

The requirement of probable cause necessitates that police provide specific evidence or credible information to a judge or magistrate. This information could stem from witness statements, physical evidence, or credible intelligence, all indicating that there is a legitimate reason to believe that a criminal act is connected to the place to be searched. The judge evaluates this information and decides whether it meets the legal threshold for issuing a search warrant.

Other options are not applicable because a criminal record alone does not establish probable cause related to a specific location. A request from the accused would undermine the process, as it would be against their interest. Similarly, a confession is not necessary to obtain a search warrant; probable cause can exist even without direct admissions of guilt. Therefore, the requirement for probable cause is central to the validity of a search warrant under the law.